International relations and interactions between trans-states are usually more likely to prioritize state actors and ignore non-state actors.

This is because state actors have the desire to be able to protect the sovereignty of their own countries in the aspect of the interaction between countries so that policies and decisions that will be taken next will not be influenced by non-state actors (Lewis, 2009: 1 ). The presence of the International Non-Governmental Organization or INGO then opens wider access for actors in international relations especially non-state actors to be able to have a role and can be further involved in relations and also international interactions in any aspect such as political, social, security, economic, environmental, human rights aspects and so on. INGO, which became an independent organization in its formation INGO besides acting as a ‘friend’ of state actors in helping to resolve certain issues, in fact, INGO was also able to be an opponent who had opposing views on state actors. For example, INGO, which has a focus on human rights issues, often becomes an organization that opposes the state government because it considers that the government within the country is unable to protect the human rights of its citizens because its citizens tend to experience frequent exploitation and conflict. Threaten their human rights. Another example is INGO, which operates in the field of the environment, such as Greenpeace, which quite often criticizes policies taken by the government in a country that is considered to industrialist and does not pay attention to its influence on the surrounding environment both now and in the future. INGO’s opinions and thoughts that are contrary to the state government are then made by INGO as an effort to be able to influence the actions of other actors, especially state actors in the realization of INGO’s main interests and objectives in fighting for the social welfare of the international community (Karnst & Mingst, 2004).

Based on its membership, WWF consists of members who are not part of the government in a particular country. Membership in WWF consists of groups, associations, organizations, and individuals therein (WWF Indonesia, t.t). Looking at membership in WWF, this means that WWF provides a place and also opportunities for individuals and communities from various elements to be able to participate in the realization of the goals, functions, and also the role of WWF as an INGO. WWF also then participated in the process of development and also social change, especially regarding issues of conservation, research and environmental restoration that cannot be carried out by the government or state actors. INGO itself has an important role in the country, and also IGO, among others, is as implementers, catalysts, and partners (Lewis, 2009: 2). INGO’s role as an implementer focuses on mobilizing resources to be able to provide goods and services for the people who really need them. The supply of goods and services includes medical equipment, agriculture, microfinance, disaster management, and others (Lewis, 2009: 2). INGO, as a catalyst, is that INGO has the ability to express opinions and provide facilities and also contribute ideas for the country and also IGO in the realization of social transformation. INGO, as a partner, means that INGO with the country and IGO can work together on certain aspects of specific issues to be able to realize the goals and functions that have been determined previously.

WWF, in its role as an implementer, provides assistance in the form of monitoring and supervision of various conservation and environmental restoration as well as supervision of the exploitation and trade of wild animals in a country through the TRAFFIC program. The TRAFFIC program is a program that monitors wildlife trade and ensures that trade in animals and flora does not pose a threat to the nature conservation program. WWF, in its role as a catalyst, seeks to develop country policies and priorities regarding environmental conservation, research, and restoration. WWF ensures that natural values ​​can be reflected in decisions made by individuals, communities, and governments and make efforts to reduce the dependence of local communities on the use of natural resources (WWF, 2015). For example, WWF encourages governments to continue to develop programs on the Heart of Borneo and Save Sumatra in an effort to protect the conservation of national parks and the ecosystems of the island of Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia (WWF Indonesia, t.t). WWF, in its role as a state partner, supports decisions and also state policies in the aspects of conservation, research, and environmental restoration, especially regarding the protection of wild animals in a country. For example, WWF encourages the development of a biodiversity vision for endangered species in Indonesia, such as the Sumatran Rhino, Orangutan, Sumatran Tiger, and Elephant. The vision was previously adopted in the Indonesian government document, namely the Sumatra-Ecosystem Rescue Road Map-Vision 2010 (WWF Indonesia, t.t).

World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is one of the INGOs engaged in environmental aspects and wildlife life that was formed in 1961.

As a leading conservation organization in the world, WWF works in 100 countries in the world and has been supported by 1.2 million members in America, The Union, and nearly 5 million members globally. With the basics of science as the basis for combining global reach, the way WWF works are known to be unique. In addition, they also involve actions at every level from local to global and to meet their human and natural needs ensuring the delivery of innovative solutions. Judging from history, the background of the formation of WWF is inseparable from the constraints experienced by conservation organizations in the 1961s, such as the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and The Conservation Foundation, in obtaining funding for run the program (WWF, 2015). So then in the same year, around 16 of the world’s leading conservationists, such as biologists and African wildlife enthusiasts Sir Julian Huxley, IUCN vice president Sir Peter Scott and British director of nature conservation EM Nicholson, signed a manifesto called with the Morges Manifesto. In the manifesto stated that besides the existence and function of protecting the world environment, financial support is needed, which is also an effort to support the operation of conservation activities (WWF, 2015). The next step was to establish the World Wildlife Fund in April 1961 as an international fundraising organization that collaborates with other conservation organizations and is expected to bring substantial financial support for conservation activities on a global scale (WWF, 2015).

From the background of the formation of WWF, it can also indirectly know the purpose of the formation of WWF, and to be more detailed about the objectives of this WWF can be seen from the mission carried, which includes several things. Firstly, WWF’s mission is to build a future where humans can live in harmony with nature (WWF, 2015). Harmonization of nature is emphasized because between humans, the environment, and wildlife, and life is so connected and inseparable, so that further WWF takes an integrated approach in its activities. Second is that WWF strives to preserve nature, create sustainable human life, and take action against climate change (WWF, 2015). The third is to make a big difference, in the sense of a good difference. In this case, the projects created are innovative and, of course, have to collaborate or based on scientific evidence (WWF, 2015).

Furthermore, regarding the activities or programs carried out by WWF. The activity covers several scopes, including forest, sea, freshwater, wildlife, food, and climate (WWF, 2015). First is forests; in this case, WWF is very focused on conserving the most important forests in the world. In the forest sphere, WWF’s performance is mostly carried out on rain forests, such as rain forests in the Amazon, the Congo Basin, the Mekong, and other areas near the equator, as well as in temperate regions, such as Eastern Russia, to the United States (WWF, 2015). Secondly, for the sea itself, WWF strives to maintain the natural condition of the sea, preserve abundant marine biodiversity, and is also related to livelihoods in the sea so that it is always sustainable so that it can support the economy (WWF, 2015). WWF’s concentration on the life of the Arctic Sea can then be used as one example related to the marine aspect. The third is about freshwater, where related activities aim to create safe water for humans and nature (WWF, 2015). One example of this is the effort to protect the major rivers in South America and cooperation with institutions in the area, such as universities.

Fourth is its focus on wildlife, which seeks to protect the most important species and steps in the world (WWF, 2015). One of the successful efforts related to this wildlife is the restoration of wildlife, such as the black rhino of South Africa, to the black male deer in the Himalayas. The fifth is about food, where the purpose of activities in this field is to maintain food availability and increase efficiency in food production, so as to minimize wasted food and prepare food supplies in the future (WWF, 2015). One form of the WWF program, in this case, is to design a game called the Food Chain Reaction in America in order to help governments and other institutions, as well as companies that might interact during the global food crisis in the future. Sixth, regarding climate, its activities aim to create a zero-carbon climate-resilient world, as well as the use of renewable energy (WWF, 2015). An example of the efforts made on this aspect is the existence of a special program that then aims to encourage millions of Americans, leading businesses and leaders in government, to realize the importance of protecting ecosystems so as to avoid worse climate change.